What are the correct steps to perform ghusl (the full ritual bath)?

Ghusl follows a recommended sequence drawn from descriptions of how the Prophet ﷺ performed it. Begin with the intention (niyyah) to purify oneself, then say 'Bismillah.' Wash both hands to the wrists, then wash the private parts thoroughly to remove any impurity. Perform a complete wudu as done for prayer, though many scholars note the feet can be delayed until the very end if standing in pooled water. Then pour water over the head three times, working it into the hair down to the scalp — women are not required to undo braids as long as water reaches the roots. After the head, pour water over the right side of the body, then the left, making sure water reaches every part: underarms, navel, behind the ears, between fingers and toes, and any skin folds (Quran 5:6, 4:43). There is no fixed count required for the rest of the body, but full coverage is essential — in the majority view, even a single dry patch or hair untouched by water technically invalidates the ghusl, so working systematically and unhurriedly matters more than speed.

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