Allah announced to the angels that He would place a khalifah (successor) on the earth, and though the angels questioned this, Allah affirmed that He knew what they did not (2:30). Allah created Adam and taught him the names of all things, then showed that Adam's knowledge surpassed that of the angels (2:31-33).
Allah commanded the angels to prostrate to Adam, and they all did except Iblis, who refused out of arrogance, claiming he was better because he was created from fire while Adam was from clay (7:11-12). For his refusal and pride, Iblis was expelled and vowed to mislead Adam's descendants (7:16-17).
Adam and his wife were placed in the Garden and permitted to eat freely, but forbidden to approach one particular tree (2:35). Iblis deceived them until they ate from it, and they became aware of their fault (7:20-22). Adam received words of repentance from his Lord, turned back to Allah, and was forgiven (2:37).
They were sent down to the earth to live and strive, with the promise that guidance would come, and whoever followed it would have no fear or grief (2:38). Thus began human life on earth, and Adam stood as both the first man and the first prophet, receiving guidance from his Lord.