| Masjid al-Haram | Makkah, Saudi Arabia | 21.4225, 39.8262 | Islam's holiest mosque. It surrounds the Ka'bah, the direction every Muslim faces in prayer. |
| Masjid an-Nabawi | Madinah, Saudi Arabia | 24.4672, 39.6112 | The Prophet's Mosque, built by the Prophet ﷺ himself; his grave lies within it. Second holiest. |
| Masjid al-Aqsa | Jerusalem | 31.7761, 35.2358 | The first qiblah and third holiest mosque; the end point of the Prophet's ﷺ Night Journey. |
| Masjid Quba | Madinah, Saudi Arabia | 24.4394, 39.6170 | The first mosque built in Islam; the Prophet ﷺ laid its foundation on reaching Madinah. |
| Masjid al-Qiblatayn | Madinah, Saudi Arabia | 24.4842, 39.5788 | "Mosque of the two qiblahs," where the command came mid-prayer to turn from Jerusalem to the Ka'bah. |
| Dome of the Rock | Jerusalem | 31.7780, 35.2354 | The gold-domed Umayyad shrine (completed 691 CE) that stands on the Haram beside al-Aqsa. |
| Umayyad Mosque | Damascus, Syria | 33.5117, 36.3067 | One of the oldest mosques still in use, built 705–715 CE under the caliph al-Walid I. |
| Al-Azhar Mosque | Cairo, Egypt | 30.0459, 31.2625 | Founded 970 CE; its attached university is a leading center of Sunni scholarship. |
| Amr ibn al-As | Cairo (Fustat), Egypt | 30.0110, 31.2330 | The first mosque built in Egypt and on the African continent, 641–642 CE. |
| Great Mosque of Kairouan | Kairouan, Tunisia | 35.6814, 10.1036 | The oldest mosque in North Africa (founded 670 CE) and a model for later Maghribi mosques. |
| Al-Qarawiyyin | Fes, Morocco | 34.0647, -4.9736 | Founded 857–859 CE by Fatima al-Fihri; its college is often called the oldest still operating. |
| Mezquita of Cordoba | Cordoba, Spain | 37.8790, -4.7794 | Begun 785 CE under the Umayyads of al-Andalus; converted to a cathedral after 1236. |
| Sultan Ahmed (Blue Mosque) | Istanbul, Turkey | 41.0054, 28.9768 | Ottoman imperial mosque (1609–1617), known for its blue Iznik tiles and six minarets. |
| Hagia Sophia | Istanbul, Turkey | 41.0086, 28.9802 | Byzantine cathedral of 537 CE, an Ottoman mosque from 1453, and a mosque again since 2020. |
| Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque | Abu Dhabi, UAE | 24.4128, 54.4750 | The UAE's largest mosque (opened 2007), holding tens of thousands of worshippers. |
| Faisal Mosque | Islamabad, Pakistan | 33.7295, 73.0378 | Pakistan's largest mosque, its tent-shaped design completed in 1986. |
| Badshahi Mosque | Lahore, Pakistan | 31.5880, 74.3107 | Mughal imperial mosque built 1671–1673 under Aurangzeb, among the largest of its age. |
| Istiqlal Mosque | Jakarta, Indonesia | -6.1699, 106.8310 | Southeast Asia's largest mosque, opened 1978 to mark Indonesian independence. |
| Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin | Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei | 4.8859, 114.9420 | Brunei's royal mosque, completed 1958, a landmark of the capital. |
| National Mosque (Masjid Negara) | Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia | 3.1418, 101.6920 | Malaysia's national mosque (1965), with a 73m minaret and a folded-roof design. |
| Jama Masjid | Delhi, India | 28.6507, 77.2334 | India's largest mosque, built 1650–1656 under the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan. |
| Great Mosque of Xi'an | Xi'an, China | 34.2658, 108.9410 | One of China's oldest and largest mosques, first founded 742 CE, built in Chinese style. |
| Great Mosque of Djenné | Djenné, Mali | 13.9053, -4.5556 | The largest mud-brick building in the world; the present structure dates to 1907. |
| Hassan II Mosque | Casablanca, Morocco | 33.6083, -7.6325 | Morocco's largest mosque (1993), with a 210m minaret and a hall built out over the Atlantic. |
| Sheikh Lotfollah Mosque | Isfahan, Iran | 32.6575, 51.6778 | Safavid-era masterpiece (1603–1619) on Isfahan's Naqsh-e Jahan square. |