Reversible contraception — such as ʿazl (withdrawal), condoms, or non-harmful pills — is permissible when there is a need and with the wife's consent, since the Companions practised ʿazl during the lifetime of the Prophet ﷺ while revelation was still descending and it was not forbidden. It becomes blameworthy when done out of fear of poverty, since Allah says, "And do not kill your children for fear of poverty; We provide for them and for you" (Qur'an 17:31), and when it amounts to a rejection of offspring altogether, as the Prophet ﷺ encouraged marrying the loving and fertile so that the ummah would be numerous. Permanent sterilization (vasectomy or tubal ligation) is not permitted except for a genuine, established medical necessity, because it permanently cuts off progeny and alters the body without need. Anything that ends a pregnancy after conception is a separate question governed by the rulings on abortion, not contraception.
Q&A · Rulings
Is birth control permissible in Islam?
Evidence — the daleel
Quran 17:31Quran 6:151Sahih al-Bukhari 5208 and Sahih Muslim 1440 — Jabir ibn Abdullah: "We used to practise ʿazl while the Qur'an was being revealed" ṢaḥīḥSunan Abi Dawud 2050 (hasan sahih) — Ma'qil ibn Yasar: "Marry the loving and the fertile, for I shall outnumber the nations by you"
On deen2u
Informational, not a personal fatwa. Consult a qualified scholar for rulings on your situation.