Do I have to recite al-Fatihah when I am praying behind the imam?

The Prophet (ṣallallāhu ʿalayhi wa sallam) said, "There is no prayer for the one who does not recite the Opening of the Book," and Allah says, "So when the Qurʾān is recited, listen to it and pay attention, that you may receive mercy" (7:204) — reconciling these two texts is the source of a genuine, long-standing ikhtilāf. The majority — Mālikīs, Shāfiʿīs and Ḥanbalīs — hold that the follower does recite al-Fātiḥah in the silent prayers (Ẓuhr, ʿAṣr, and the silent rakʿahs of Maghrib and ʿIshāʾ), while the Ḥanafīs hold that the imam's recitation stands for the follower in every prayer and that he should remain silent. The sharper difference is in the audible prayers: the Shāfiʿīs, and scholars such as Ibn Bāz and Ibn ʿUthaymīn, hold that the follower still recites it — during the imam's pauses, or quietly beneath his recitation — while Mālik, Aḥmad, al-Albānī and others hold that listening attentively suffices. Both positions rest on evidence and neither party invalidates the other's prayer, so follow whichever a trustworthy scholar guides you to; the safer and majority course is not to omit al-Fātiḥah in the silent prayers. If you catch the imam already in rukūʿ, the rakʿah counts for you and the recitation is dropped.

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